College Final ExamUniversityPhilosophy

Ethics Study Guide

A standard undergraduate ethics course: metaethics (moral realism, relativism, subjectivism), normative theories (utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, virtue ethics, care ethics, social contract theory), applied ethics (bioethics, business ethics, environmental ethics, technology ethics), and moral reasoning skills (identifying moral arguments, evaluating thought experiments, addressing moral disagreement).

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12 Topics Covered

1

Foundations of Ethics and Moral Reasoning

Core skills in argument analysis, distinguishing normative from descriptive claims, and evaluating moral reasoning structures.

2

Metaethics: The Nature of Morality

Moral realism vs anti-realism, emotivism, constructivism, and the is-ought problem—essential for understanding ethical foundations.

3

Cultural Relativism and Divine Command Theory

Critical analysis of relativist and theological approaches to morality, including standard objections and defenses.

4

Consequentialism and Utilitarianism

Act, rule, and preference utilitarianism; utility calculation; justice objections; demandingness—heavily tested theory application.

5

Kantian Deontology

Categorical imperative formulations, perfect and imperfect duties, universalizability tests, and rigidity critiques for exam scenarios.

6

Virtue Ethics and Moral Character

Aristotelian eudaimonia, virtues and vices, situationism critique—requires character-based case analysis on exams.

7

Care Ethics and Feminist Approaches

Gilligan, Noddings, relational ethics, and feminist critiques of traditional impartialist theories for comparative analysis.

8

Social Contract Theory and Justice

Hobbes, Locke, Rawls, veil of ignorance, justice as fairness—fundamental for political and distributive ethics questions.

9

Thought Experiments and Moral Intuitions

Trolley problems, violinist analogy, experience machine—mastering counterexamples as philosophical tools for exam arguments.

10

Bioethics: Life, Death, and Medicine

Abortion, euthanasia, genetic enhancement, informed consent—applying multiple theories to contested biomedical cases.

11

Environmental and Animal Ethics

Singer, Regan, anthropocentrism vs ecocentrism, climate justice, intergenerational obligations—increasingly prominent exam topics.

12

Business and Technology Ethics

Corporate responsibility, AI ethics, algorithmic bias, privacy, autonomous weapons—contemporary applications requiring rigorous moral analysis.

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