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Investing Basics Study Guide

A practical undergraduate course on investing fundamentals: financial markets and instruments, stocks (valuation, analysis, trading), bonds (pricing, yield, duration), mutual funds and ETFs, portfolio construction and diversification, risk management, behavioral finance, retirement accounts, and evaluating investment performance. Complements Personal Finance with deeper market knowledge.

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12 Topics Covered

1

Financial Markets Overview

Covers market structure, participants, exchanges, regulation, and indices—foundational knowledge for understanding all investment topics.

2

Understanding Stocks

Examines stock types, shareholder rights, price determination, and reading quotes—essential for equity analysis questions.

3

Stock Valuation Methods

Teaches dividend discount model, P/E, PEG, and price-to-book ratios—calculation-heavy exam section requiring practice.

4

Understanding Bonds

Covers bond types, pricing, yield to maturity, and credit ratings—critical for fixed-income calculations on exams.

5

Bond Pricing and Interest Rate Risk

Explores price-yield relationship, duration, and yield curves—frequently tested concepts requiring mathematical application.

6

Mutual Funds and ETFs

Compares fund structures, fees, NAV, and selection criteria—practical knowledge tested through scenario-based questions.

7

Portfolio Theory and Diversification

Introduces Markowitz theory, efficient frontier, correlation, and asset allocation—theoretical foundation for portfolio questions.

8

Investment Risk Management

Identifies risk types, tolerance assessment, and hedging strategies—essential for risk-return tradeoff analysis questions.

9

Investment Analysis Techniques

Covers fundamental and technical analysis, financial ratios, and economic indicators—applied in stock selection problems.

10

Behavioral Finance

Examines cognitive biases, prospect theory, and market bubbles—tested through bias identification and scenario questions.

11

Retirement and Tax-Advantaged Accounts

Details 401k, IRA, Roth accounts, and tax treatment—practical exam questions on contribution limits and strategies.

12

Evaluating Investment Performance

Teaches Sharpe ratio, alpha, beta, and benchmarking—capstone calculations integrating concepts from entire course.

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